1句型公式
By the time + 主詞 + 過去式動詞，主詞 + had + 過去分詞
2結構拆解
By the time the new manager arrived,修飾語 Mthe team主詞 Shad already finalized動詞 Vthe budget for next year.受詞 O
3中英對照
英文中文規則
- yesterday / last week / two days ago昨天、上週、兩天前過去某個時間點：過去式 V-ed
- since April / for three years從四月起、已經三年從過去延續到現在：have/has + 過去分詞
- have been reviewing since Monday從週一起一直在審延續到現在而且還在做：have/has been + V-ing
- currently / at the moment目前、此刻現在正在進行：am/is/are + V-ing
- By the time she arrived等她到的時候（過去）比過去時間點更早完成：had + 過去分詞
- by next month / by the time it airs到下個月之前、等它播出時在未來時間點之前完成：will have + 過去分詞
- once the order arrives, we will call you訂單一到，我們就會打給你時間與條件子句講未來用現在式，主句才用 will
4同句型例句
結構不變，只換名詞和動詞。字下有虛線的可以點開查。
By the time the auditors arrived, the accounting team had already closed the books for the quarter.
By the time the shipment reached the port, the customer had canceled half of the order.
5情境練習
先讀短文，再回答三題。不要在腦中翻成中文，看到題目直接反應。
Mina flew to Osaka for a trade show last Monday.
By the time her flight landed, the exhibition hall had already opened.
Her colleague had set up the booth the night before.
By the time Mina reached the booth, three clients had left their business cards.